Series: Chemistry: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

Naming chemical compounds

10/11/2012

~ ttice

Just ok

Geez

05/04/2011

~ leslie14

Not the information that was needed or expected by the title. There are all kinds of rules. Very dissappointed.

all i need to know about naming compounds

11/27/2010

~ dorothy4

excellent, and i can rewind it 1000 times if i don't understand - awesome

Great!!

08/13/2010

~ lisa37

This is a great video, I used it to review for my final without having to reread most of the chapter. It's very clear and he uses good examples.

Rutherford Experiment rocks!

07/20/2009

~ brittanie

I really liked the way the professor explained the Rutherford Experiment. It helped a lot to understand how scientists discovered what made up an atom.

Below are the descriptions for each of the lessons included in the series:

• Chemistry: Early Discoveries and the Atom

  In this lesson, Professor Harman discusses early discoveries of the atom and the electron. Democritus first used the word ""atom"" meaning ""indivisible,"" but it was Dalton who furthered the concept. Dalton's 1808 Atomic Theory stated that 1) all matter is composed of atoms, which are indivisible, 2) elements consisted of only one type of atom and had 1 characteristic mass, 3) compounds consisted of 2 or more atoms, and 4) a chemical reaction is a rearrangement of the atoms. There are two problems with this original theory as atoms are divisible and elements can have more than one characteristic mass. The parts of the atom are the electron, the proton, and the neutron. J.J. Thompson won the Nobel Prize in 1906 for his discovery of electrons and their properties. Professor Harman will explain the cathode ray tube that J.J. Thompson used to determine the charge-to-mass ratios of electrons. He will also explain an oscilloscope, which helps to demonstrate this principle of electrons.

  Taught by Professor Harman, this lesson was selected from a broader, comprehensive course, Chemistry. This course and others are available from Thinkwell, Inc. The full course can be found at http://www.thinkwell.com/student/product/chemistry. The full course covers atoms, molecules and ions, stoichiometry, reactions in aqueous solutions, gases, thermochemistry, Modern Atomic Theory, electron configurations, periodicity, chemical bonding, molecular geometry, bonding theory, oxidation-reduction reactions, condensed phases, solution properties, kinetics, acids and bases, organic reactions, thermodynamics, nuclear chemistry, metals, nonmetals, biochemistry, organic chemistry, and more."

  Dean Harman is a professor of chemistry at the University of Virginia, where he has been honored with several teaching awards. He heads Harman Research Group, which specializes in the novel organic transformations made possible by electron-rich metal centers such as Os(II), RE(I), AND W(0). He holds a Ph.D. from Stanford University.

• Chemistry: Understanding Electrons

  After J.J. Thomson's experiment to determine the charge to mass ratio for electrons, Robert Millikan devised an experiment to find the actual mass and charge of electrons. Robert Millikan won the Nobel Prize in 1923 for what is now known as The Millikan Oil Drop Experiment. In this experiment, Millikan atomized oil into small droplets in a box with two charged plates in it. The first plate had a small hole through which gravity would pull the droplets down. If and electric field was added to the plates, the neutral droplets would still fall through the hole. However, if the air between the plates is ionized, the electrons are removed from the air and attach to the oil droplets. The now negatively charged droplets are repelled from the positively charged bottom plate and can be made motionless with a proper balance of the coulomb force between the plates. With this information, and the known charge to mass ratio of an electron, Prof. Yee will show you how Millikan determined the charge (1.60 x 10^-19 Coulombs) and the mass (9.11 x 10^-31 kilograms) of an electron.

  Taught by Professor Yee, this lesson was selected from a broader, comprehensive course, Chemistry. This course and others are available from Thinkwell, Inc. The full course can be found at http://www.thinkwell.com/student/product/chemistry. The full course covers atoms, molecules and ions, stoichiometry, reactions in aqueous solutions, gases, thermochemistry, Modern Atomic Theory, electron configurations, periodicity, chemical bonding, molecular geometry, bonding theory, oxidation-reduction reactions, condensed phases, solution properties, kinetics, acids and bases, organic reactions, thermodynamics, nuclear chemistry, metals, nonmetals, biochemistry, organic chemistry, and more."

  Gordon Yee is an associate professor of chemistry at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, VA. He received his Ph.D. from Stanford University and completed postdoctoral work at DuPont. A widely published author, Professor Yee studies molecule-based magnetism.

• Chemistry: Understanding the Nucleus

  In this lesson, Professor Harman explains the discovery of the nucleus and Neutrons. The nucleus of atoms was discovered using radioactivity, which is the spontaneous emissions of particles of radiation fron an atom. Prof. Harman talks about early experiments with radioactivity, the discovery of gamma, alpha, and beta particles and their characteristics. Alpha particles were instrumental in the discovery of the nucleus of atoms. The Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment used alpha particles aimed at gold foil. The vast majority of the particles went through the gold foil, but approximately 1 in every 8000 was deflected at a severe angle. Rutherford hypothesized that this was only possible if the majority of the atom's mass was held in one central location, which he deemed the 'nucleus.' It was detemined that the nucleus of an atom is very small, analogous to one lightbulb, if Las Vegas is an atom. This discovery led to a revision of the ""Plum Pudding"" model of an atom to the ""Planetary"" model.

  Professor Harman also talks about the Chadwick experiment that discovered Neutrons. There was mass in an atom still unaccounted for by protons and electrons. Commonly used experiments could not discover it, though, since Neutrons are neutral and all the experiments used a charge. After discussing the Chadwick experiment using Beryllium, Professor Harman revisits Dalton's Atomic Theory.

  Taught by Professor Harman, this lesson was selected from a broader, comprehensive course, Chemistry. This course and others are available from Thinkwell, Inc. The full course can be found at http://www.thinkwell.com/student/product/chemistry. The full course covers atoms, molecules and ions, stoichiometry, reactions in aqueous solutions, gases, thermochemistry, Modern Atomic Theory, electron configurations, periodicity, chemical bonding, molecular geometry, bonding theory, oxidation-reduction reactions, condensed phases, solution properties, kinetics, acids and bases, organic reactions, thermodynamics, nuclear chemistry, metals, nonmetals, biochemistry, organic chemistry, and more."

  Dean Harman is a professor of chemistry at the University of Virginia, where he has been honored with several teaching awards. He heads Harman Research Group, which specializes in the novel organic transformations made possible by electron-rich metal centers such as Os(II), RE(I), AND W(0). He holds a Ph.D. from Stanford University.

• Chemistry: Mass Spectrometry: Finding Atomic Mass

  This lesson was selected from a broader, comprehensive course, Chemistry, taught by Professor Harman, Professor Yee, and Professor Sammakia. This course and others are available from Thinkwell, Inc. The full course can be found at http://www.thinkwell.com/student/product/chemistry. The full course covers atoms, molecules and ions, stoichiometry, reactions in aqueous solutions, gases, thermochemistry, Modern Atomic Theory, electron configurations, periodicity, chemical bonding, molecular geometry, bonding theory, oxidation-reduction reactions, condensed phases, solution properties, kinetics, acids and bases, organic reactions, thermodynamics, nuclear chemistry, metals, nonmetals, biochemistry, organic chemistry, and more.

  Dean Harman is a professor of chemistry at the University of Virginia, where he has been honored with several teaching awards. He heads Harman Research Group, which specializes in the novel organic transformations made possible by electron-rich metal centers such as Os(II), RE(I), AND W(0). He holds a Ph.D. from Stanford University.

  Gordon Yee is an associate professor of chemistry at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, VA. He received his Ph.D. from Stanford University and completed postdoctoral work at DuPont. A widely published author, Professor Yee studies molecule-based magnetism.

  Tarek Sammakia is a Professor of Chemistry at the University of Colorado at Boulder where he teaches organic chemistry to undergraduate and graduate students. He received his Ph.D. from Yale University and carried out postdoctoral research at Harvard University. He has received several national awards for his work in synthetic and mechanistic organic chemistry.

• Chemistry: Examining Atomic Structure

  Professor Harman explains isotopes and atomic mass in this lesson covering atomic structure. Most elements exist in nature as more than one isotope. Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons as the element but a different number of neutrons. The number of protons always remains the same, as this number (also known as the atomic number) is what determines the element. Prof. Harman also introduces atomic mass units, or amu's, which are a more convenient unit for describing the very small masses of atoms. Next, Professor Harman explains more about the masses of elements. The amu is derived from carbon 12 and is equal to 1.6605 x 10^-27. The relative atomic mass listed on the periodic table of the elements is a weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of an element. You might also observe that the mass of an isotope is less than the sum of masses of its nucleons and electrons. Professor Harman explains the relationship between mass and energy that Einstein discovered, and binding energy.

  Taught by Professor Harman, this lesson was selected from a broader, comprehensive course, Chemistry. This course and others are available from Thinkwell, Inc. The full course can be found at http://www.thinkwell.com/student/product/chemistry. The full course covers atoms, molecules and ions, stoichiometry, reactions in aqueous solutions, gases, thermochemistry, Modern Atomic Theory, electron configurations, periodicity, chemical bonding, molecular geometry, bonding theory, oxidation-reduction reactions, condensed phases, solution properties, kinetics, acids and bases, organic reactions, thermodynamics, nuclear chemistry, metals, nonmetals, biochemistry, organic chemistry, and more."

  Dean Harman is a professor of chemistry at the University of Virginia, where he has been honored with several teaching awards. He heads Harman Research Group, which specializes in the novel organic transformations made possible by electron-rich metal centers such as Os(II), RE(I), AND W(0). He holds a Ph.D. from Stanford University.

• Chemistry: Demo: Flame Colors

  This lesson was selected from a broader, comprehensive course, Chemistry, taught by Professor Harman, Professor Yee, and Professor Sammakia. This course and others are available from Thinkwell, Inc. The full course can be found at http://www.thinkwell.com/student/product/chemistry. The full course covers atoms, molecules and ions, stoichiometry, reactions in aqueous solutions, gases, thermochemistry, Modern Atomic Theory, electron configurations, periodicity, chemical bonding, molecular geometry, bonding theory, oxidation-reduction reactions, condensed phases, solution properties, kinetics, acids and bases, organic reactions, thermodynamics, nuclear chemistry, metals, nonmetals, biochemistry, organic chemistry, and more.

  Dean Harman is a professor of chemistry at the University of Virginia, where he has been honored with several teaching awards. He heads Harman Research Group, which specializes in the novel organic transformations made possible by electron-rich metal centers such as Os(II), RE(I), AND W(0). He holds a Ph.D. from Stanford University.

  Gordon Yee is an associate professor of chemistry at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, VA. He received his Ph.D. from Stanford University and completed postdoctoral work at DuPont. A widely published author, Professor Yee studies molecule-based magnetism.

  Tarek Sammakia is a Professor of Chemistry at the University of Colorado at Boulder where he teaches organic chemistry to undergraduate and graduate students. He received his Ph.D. from Yale University and carried out postdoctoral research at Harvard University. He has received several national awards for his work in synthetic and mechanistic organic chemistry.

• Chemistry: Creating the Periodic Table

  This lesson examines the creation of the Periodic Table of the Elements. Professor Harman walks you through the thought process involved in the grouping and the changes that led to the periodic table we are familiar with. Initially, many organization methods were tried, but Mendeleev's method was the most successful. The Mendeleev table used two characteristics for organizations, the atomic mass and the chemical reactivity. This method better organized the elements and made it possible to accurately predict unknown elements and their physical and chemical properties. Later discoveries changed the ordering of the periodic table. Ramsay discovered Argon, which doesn't have any chemical reactivity and whose mass fits in between two existing elements. This suggested a missing family that eventually came to be known as the Noble gases. Then, the discovery of the nucleus led to a change in ordering of atomic number (number of protons), instead of atomic mass. Using the atomic number better aligns the elements in their reactivity groupings.

  Taught by Professor Harman, this lesson was selected from a broader, comprehensive course, Chemistry. This course and others are available from Thinkwell, Inc. The full course can be found at http://www.thinkwell.com/student/product/chemistry. The full course covers atoms, molecules and ions, stoichiometry, reactions in aqueous solutions, gases, thermochemistry, Modern Atomic Theory, electron configurations, periodicity, chemical bonding, molecular geometry, bonding theory, oxidation-reduction reactions, condensed phases, solution properties, kinetics, acids and bases, organic reactions, thermodynamics, nuclear chemistry, metals, nonmetals, biochemistry, organic chemistry, and more."

  Dean Harman is a professor of chemistry at the University of Virginia, where he has been honored with several teaching awards. He heads Harman Research Group, which specializes in the novel organic transformations made possible by electron-rich metal centers such as Os(II), RE(I), AND W(0). He holds a Ph.D. from Stanford University.

• Chemistry: Describing Chemical Formulas

  In this lesson, you will learn the common nomenclature of chemistry. Professor Harman defines and contrasts atoms, molecules, ions, and ionic salts/covalent solids. Then Professor Harman covers written chemical formulas and visual representations of molecules. A molecular formula is a chemical formula that represents the actual number of atoms of each element within a molecule. An empirical formula is a chemical formula of a compound written with the smallest integer ratio of subscripts. Empirical formulas are always used to describe ionic compounds and covalent network solids. Various visual representations of molecules include the ball and stick three dimensional model that closely represents the structure of the molecule, a line drawing that approximates the structure in two dimensional terms, and a shorthand often used by organic chemists. Professor Harman warns that molecules are defined by their unique arrangements of atoms, and a formula can represent many different molecular compounds (known as isomers).

  Taught by Professor Harman, this lesson was selected from a broader, comprehensive course, Chemistry. This course and others are available from Thinkwell, Inc. The full course can be found at http://www.thinkwell.com/student/product/chemistry. The full course covers atoms, molecules and ions, stoichiometry, reactions in aqueous solutions, gases, thermochemistry, Modern Atomic Theory, electron configurations, periodicity, chemical bonding, molecular geometry, bonding theory, oxidation-reduction reactions, condensed phases, solution properties, kinetics, acids and bases, organic reactions, thermodynamics, nuclear chemistry, metals, nonmetals, biochemistry, organic chemistry, and more."

  Dean Harman is a professor of chemistry at the University of Virginia, where he has been honored with several teaching awards. He heads Harman Research Group, which specializes in the novel organic transformations made possible by electron-rich metal centers such as Os(II), RE(I), AND W(0). He holds a Ph.D. from Stanford University.

• Chemistry: Naming Chemical Compounds

  Naming chemical compounds can be tricky, and requires a little bit of knowledge about the trends and naming conventions. First, Professor Harman explains that how you name a compound will depend on the type of compound - whether it is an ion, molecular compound, acid, or base. For ions, the way you name the ion will depend on whether the compound is a cation or anion and whether or not it is monatomic, polyatomic, or a transition metal. Anions follow slightly more difficult naming conventions. Molecular compounds use Greek prefixes and will always start with the element furthest from Fluorine. Some molecular compounds have common names (such as water), and these are always used. Bases are simply named like ionic materials. Acids are named based on the suffix of the anion they are derived from. If the anion ends in -ate, the acid uses an -ic suffix. If the anion ends in -ite, the acid uses an -ous suffix.

  Taught by Professor Harman, this lesson was selected from a broader, comprehensive course, Chemistry. This course and others are available from Thinkwell, Inc. The full course can be found at http://www.thinkwell.com/student/product/chemistry. The full course covers atoms, molecules and ions, stoichiometry, reactions in aqueous solutions, gases, thermochemistry, Modern Atomic Theory, electron configurations, periodicity, chemical bonding, molecular geometry, bonding theory, oxidation-reduction reactions, condensed phases, solution properties, kinetics, acids and bases, organic reactions, thermodynamics, nuclear chemistry, metals, nonmetals, biochemistry, organic chemistry, and more."

  Dean Harman is a professor of chemistry at the University of Virginia, where he has been honored with several teaching awards. He heads Harman Research Group, which specializes in the novel organic transformations made possible by electron-rich metal centers such as Os(II), RE(I), AND W(0). He holds a Ph.D. from Stanford University.

• Chemistry: Organic Nomenclature

  As with previous chemical naming conventions, organic chemistry has its own nomenclature. Organic compounds are compounds with carbon. Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon in varying amounts. These are broken into three groups, alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Alkanes have an -ane suffix. Similarly, alkenes have an -ene suffix and alkynes keep the -yne suffix. Professor Harman teaches you the standard prefixes that are used to indicate the number of carbon atoms that are in each of the compounds. These include meth-, eth-, pro-, but-, and pent-. These prefixes also pertain to alcohols. Alcohols have an OH group connected to a hydrocarbon and can be identified by an -ol suffix. Once you know some of the common prefixes and suffixes, it is easy to identify characteristics of larger, unknown compounds.

  This lesson is perfect for review for a CLEP test, mid-term, final, summer school, or personal growth!

  Taught by Professor Harman, this lesson was selected from a broader, comprehensive course, Chemistry. This course and others are available from Thinkwell, Inc. The full course can be found at http://www.thinkwell.com/student/product/chemistry. The full course covers atoms, molecules and ions, stoichiometry, reactions in aqueous solutions, gases, thermochemistry, Modern Atomic Theory, electron configurations, periodicity, chemical bonding, molecular geometry, bonding theory, oxidation-reduction reactions, condensed phases, solution properties, kinetics, acids and bases, organic reactions, thermodynamics, nuclear chemistry, metals, nonmetals, biochemistry, organic chemistry, and more."

  Dean Harman is a professor of chemistry at the University of Virginia, where he has been honored with several teaching awards. He heads Harman Research Group, which specializes in the novel organic transformations made possible by electron-rich metal centers such as Os(II), RE(I), AND W(0). He holds a Ph.D. from Stanford University.

Supplementary Files:

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